740 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
740 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
# 1.1 命名风格
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---
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## 1. 通用命名原则
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- 使用有意义且可读的名称
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```csharp
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// ❌ 不建议：缩写和无意义的名称
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var d = DateTime.Now;
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var usr = new User();
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int n = 100;
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// ✅ 建议：清晰表达意图
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var currentDate = DateTime.Now;
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var newUser = new User();
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int maxRetryCount = 100;
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```
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- 不建议使用拼音和中文
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```csharp
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// ❌ 不建议
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var yongHu = new User();
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string xingMing = "张三";
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var keHuMingCheng = "张三";
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var 订单数量 = 10;
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// ✅ 建议
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var user = new User();
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string fullName = "张三";
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```
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- 不建议过度缩写
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```csharp
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// ❌ 不建议
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var cSvc = new CustomerService();
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var ordMgr = new OrderManager();
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// ✅ 建议
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var customerService = new CustomerService();
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var orderManager = new OrderManager();
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// ✅ 可接受含义广为人知的缩写
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var customerId = 1; // Id
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var htmlContent = ""; // Html
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var xmlDocument = ""; // Xml
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var urlAddress = ""; // Url
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var httpClient = new HttpClient(); // Http
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```
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- 不建议使用下划线开头（除私有字段外）
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```csharp
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// ❌ 不建议
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public string _customerName;
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public void _ProcessOrder() { }
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// ✅ 建议
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public string CustomerName { get; set; }
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private string _customerName; // 私有字段可以使用
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public void ProcessOrder() { }
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```
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## 2. 命名约定
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### 2.1 类
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- 使用 PascalCase（帕斯卡命名法）
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```csharp
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// ✅ 建议的类命名
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public class Customer { }
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public class OrderService { }
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public class ProductRepository { }
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public class PaymentProcessor { }
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```
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- 使用名词或名词短语
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```csharp
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// ✅ 建议：名词形式
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public class Invoice { }
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public class ShoppingCart { }
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public class UserProfile { }
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public class EmailValidator { }
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public class UserAuthentication { }
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// ❌ 不建议：动词形式
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public class ProcessOrder { } // 应该是 OrderProcessor
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public class ValidateUser { } // 应该是 UserValidator
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public class Calculate { } // 适用于方法命名
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```
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- 建议的命名方式
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```csharp
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// 服务类
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// ✅ 以 Service 结尾
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public class CustomerService { }
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public class EmailService { }
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// ✅ 以职责命名
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public class OrderProcessor { }
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public class EmailSender { }
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public class PaymentGateway { }
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public class CacheManager { }
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// 仓储类
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// ✅ 以 Repository 结尾
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public class OrderRepository { }
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public class ProductRepository { }
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// ✅ Provider
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public class AuthenticationProvider { }
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public class DataProvider { }
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// ✅ Helper/Utility
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public class StringHelper { }
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public class DateTimeUtility { }
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// 异常类
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// ✅ 以 Exception 结尾
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public class OrderNotFoundException { }
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public class InvalidOperationException { }
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// ✅ Attribute
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public class ValidateAttribute { }
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public class AuthorizeAttribute { }
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// ✅ DTO/ViewModel
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public class CustomerDto { }
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public class OrderViewModel { }
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public class CreateProductRequest { }
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public class ProductResponse { }
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public class DoSomethingInput { }
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public class DoSomethingOutput { }
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// ✅ Entity/Model
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public class Order { }
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public class Product { }
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public class Customer { }
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// 验证器
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// ✅ 以 Validator 结尾
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public class OrderValidator { }
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public class EmailValidator { }
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public class CreateOrderRequestValidator { }
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```
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- 不建议的命名方式
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```csharp
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// ❌ 不建议：使用下划线或特殊字符
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public class Order_Service { }
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public class Product$Manager { }
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// ❌ 不建议：使用前缀
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public class COrder { }
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public class TCustomer { }
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// ❌ 不建议：过于通用
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public class Data { }
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public class Info { }
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public class Manager { } // 太宽泛，应该是具体的 xxxManager
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```
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### 2.2 接口
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- 使用 `I` 前缀 + PascalCase
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```csharp
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// ✅ 正确的接口命名
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public interface ICustomerService { }
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public interface IOrderRepository { }
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public interface IPaymentProcessor { }
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public interface ILogger { }
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```
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- 使用名词、名词短语或形容词
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```csharp
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// ✅ 建议：名词 （一般表示为业务接口）
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public interface IRepository<T> { }
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public interface IValidator { }
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public interface IOrderService { }
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public interface ILogger { }
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public interface ICache { }
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// ✅ 建议：形容词（一般表示为能力接口）
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public interface IComparable { }
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public interface IDisposable { }
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public interface IEnumerable { }
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public interface IQueryable { }
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// ✅ 建议：名词短语
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public interface IDataAccess { }
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public interface IUserAuthentication { }
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```
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- 避免使用 Interface 后缀
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```csharp
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// ❌ 不建议
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public interface IOrderServiceInterface { }
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// ✅ 建议
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public interface IOrderService { }
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```
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### 2.3 方法
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- 使用 PascalCase
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```csharp
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public class CustomerService
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{
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// ✅ 建议
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public void CreateCustomer() { }
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public Customer GetCustomerById(int id) { }
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public void UpdateCustomerProfile() { }
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public void DeleteCustomer() { }
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}
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```
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- 使用动词或动词短语
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```csharp
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// ✅ 建议：明确、清晰的动作
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public void CreateOrder() { }
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public void UpdateCustomer() { }
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public void DeleteProduct() { }
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public Order GetOrderById(int id) { }
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public List<Order> GetOrdersByCustomer(int customerId) { }
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public bool ValidateEmail(string email) { }
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public decimal CalculateDiscount(Order order) { }
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// ❌ 不建议：名词形式
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public void Order() { } // 应该是 CreateOrder 或 ProcessOrder
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public void Customer() { }
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```
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- 常用动词前缀
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```csharp
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// Get - 获取数据（通常有返回值）
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public Customer GetCustomerById(int id) { }
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public List<Order> GetOrders() { }
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// Find - 查找数据（可能返回 null）
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public Customer? FindCustomerByEmail(string email) { }
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// Create/Add - 创建新对象
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public void CreateOrder(Order order) { }
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public void AddProduct(Product product) { }
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// Update/Modify - 更新现有对象
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public void UpdateCustomer(Customer customer) { }
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public void ModifyOrderStatus(int orderId, OrderStatus status) { }
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// Delete/Remove - 删除对象
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public void DeleteOrder(int orderId) { }
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public void RemoveProduct(int productId) { }
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// Save - 保存（创建或更新）
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public void SaveCustomer(Customer customer) { }
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// Validate - 验证
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public bool ValidateOrder(Order order) { }
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public ValidationResult ValidateInput(string input) { }
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// Calculate/Compute - 计算
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public decimal CalculateTotal(List<OrderItem> items) { }
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public int ComputeAge(DateTime birthDate) { }
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// Process/Handle - 处理
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public void ProcessOrder(Order order) { }
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public void ProcessPayment(Payment payment) { }
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// 布尔判断
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// ✅ 建议： 使用 Is、Has、Can、Should 等前缀更能提高可读性
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public bool IsValid() { }
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public bool IsActive() { }
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public bool HasPermission() { }
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public bool CanProcess() { }
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public bool ShouldRetry() { }
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public bool Exists(int id) { }
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public bool Contains(string value) { }
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// ❌ 不建议：不清晰的命名
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public bool Valid() { }
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public bool Active() { }
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public bool Permission() { }
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// Convert/Transform - 转换
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public OrderDto ConvertToDto(Order order) { }
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public string TransformToJson(object obj) { }
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// Send/Receive - 发送/接收
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public void SendNotification(string message) { }
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public Message ReceiveMessage() { }
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``
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- 常用查询方法命名方式
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```csharp
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// ✅ 单个对象
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public Customer GetCustomerById(int id) { }
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public Order FindOrderByNumber(string orderNumber) { }
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// ✅ 集合
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public List<Customer> GetAllCustomers() { }
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public IEnumerable<Order> GetOrdersByCustomer(int customerId) { }
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public List<Product> FindProductsByCategory(string category) { }
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// ✅ 条件查询
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public List<Order> GetActiveOrders() { }
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public List<Customer> GetVipCustomers() { }
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// ✅ 分页查询
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public PagedResult<Product> GetProducts(int pageIndex, int pageSize) { }
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public List<Order> GetOrdersByPage(int pageNumber, int pageSize) { }
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```
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- 私有方法也应该使用 PascalCase
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```csharp
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public class OrderProcessor
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{
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// ✅ 私有方法也使用 PascalCase
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private void ValidateOrderItems(Order order) { }
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private decimal CalculateItemTotal(OrderItem item) { }
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private bool CheckInventory(int productId) { }
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}
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```
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### 2.4 属性与字段
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- 属性使用 PascalCase
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```csharp
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public class Customer
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{
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// ✅ 建议的属性命名
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public int Id { get; set; }
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public string Name { get; set; }
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public string Email { get; set; }
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public DateTime CreatedDate { get; set; }
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public bool IsActive { get; set; }
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public decimal TotalAmount { get; set; }
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}
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```
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- 私有字段使用 _camelCase
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```csharp
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public class OrderService
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{
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// ✅ 建议的私有字段命名
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private readonly IOrderRepository _orderRepository;
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private readonly ILogger<OrderService> _logger;
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private readonly IEmailService _emailService;
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private int _retryCount;
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private bool _isProcessing;
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}
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```
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- 只读字段
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```csharp
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public class Configuration
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{
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// ✅ 公共只读字段使用 PascalCase
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public readonly string DefaultCulture = "zh-CN"; //（公共只读字段建议改为属性方式使用）
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// ✅ 私有只读字段使用 _camelCase
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private readonly string _connectionString;
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private readonly int _maxRetryCount;
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}
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```
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- 静态字段
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```csharp
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public class AppConstants
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{
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// ✅ 公共静态字段使用 PascalCase
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public static readonly int MaxPageSize = 100;
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public static readonly string DefaultDateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd";
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// ✅ 私有静态字段使用 _camelCase
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private static readonly object _lockObject = new object();
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}
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```
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- 布尔属性
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```csharp
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public class Order
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{
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// ✅ 建议使用 Is、Has、Can 等前缀提高可读性
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public bool IsCompleted { get; set; }
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public bool IsPaid { get; set; }
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public bool HasDiscount { get; set; }
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public bool CanBeCancelled { get; set; }
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// ❌ 不建议
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public bool Completed { get; set; }
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public bool Paid { get; set; }
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}
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```
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- 集合属性
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```csharp
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public class Order
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{
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// ✅ 建议：使用复数形式
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public List<OrderItem> Items { get; set; }
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public ICollection<Payment> Payments { get; set; }
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public IEnumerable<Comment> Comments { get; set; }
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// ❌ 不建议：使用单数
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public List<OrderItem> Item { get; set; }
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}
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```
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### 2.5 变量与参数
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- 局部变量使用 camelCase
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```csharp
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public void ProcessOrder(int orderId)
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{
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// ✅ 建议的局部变量命名
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var order = GetOrder(orderId);
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var totalAmount = CalculateTotal(order);
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var discountRate = GetDiscountRate(order);
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var finalPrice = totalAmount * (1 - discountRate);
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var isValid = ValidateOrder(order);
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}
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```
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- 方法参数使用 camelCase
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```csharp
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// ✅ 建议的参数命名
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public Order CreateOrder(int customerId, List<OrderItem> items, decimal discountAmount, string shippingAddress)
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{
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// ...existing code...
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}
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// ✅ 布尔参数命名
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public List<Order> GetOrders(int customerId, bool includeCompleted, bool includeCancelled)
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{
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// ...existing code...
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}
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```
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- 循环变量命名
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```csharp
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// ✅ 简单循环可以使用单字母
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for (int i = 0; i < orders.Count; i++)
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{
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// ...existing code...
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}
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// ✅ 有意义的循环变量
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foreach (var order in orders)
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{
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ProcessOrder(order);
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}
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foreach (var item in order.Items)
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{
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ValidateItem(item);
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}
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// ❌ 不建议：不清晰的变量名
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foreach (var o in orders) // o 不如 order 清晰
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{
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// ...existing code...
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}
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```
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- LINQ 查询变量命名
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```csharp
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// ✅ 建议
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var activeCustomers = customers
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.Where(c => c.IsActive)
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.ToList();
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var customerOrders = orders
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.Where(o => o.CustomerId == customerId)
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.OrderByDescending(o => o.CreatedDate)
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.ToList();
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// ✅ 建议：复杂查询使用有意义的变量
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var highValueOrders = orders
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.Where(order => order.TotalAmount > 1000)
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.Select(order => new
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{
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OrderId = order.Id,
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CustomerName = order.Customer.Name,
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TotalAmount = order.TotalAmount
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})
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.ToList();
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```
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- 临时变量命名
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```csharp
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public decimal CalculateOrderTotal(Order order)
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{
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// ✅ 建议：清晰的临时变量
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var subtotal = order.Items.Sum(item => item.Price * item.Quantity);
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var taxAmount = subtotal * 0.1m;
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var shippingFee = CalculateShippingFee(order);
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var discountAmount = CalculateDiscount(order, subtotal);
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var total = subtotal + taxAmount + shippingFee - discountAmount;
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return total;
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}
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```
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- 避免使用无意义的变量名
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```csharp
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// ❌ 不建议
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var temp = GetCustomer();
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var data = ProcessData();
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var obj = CreateObject();
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var result = DoSomething();
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// ✅ 建议
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var customer = GetCustomer();
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var processedOrders = ProcessOrders();
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var paymentRecord = CreatePaymentRecord();
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var validationResult = ValidateInput();
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```
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### 2.6 常量与枚举
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- 常量命名
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```csharp
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// ✅ 方式一：PascalCase（推荐）
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public class OrderConstants
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{
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public const int MaxItemsPerOrder = 100;
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public const decimal MinOrderAmount = 10.0m;
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public const string DefaultCurrency = "CNY";
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}
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// ✅ 方式二：UPPER_CASE（C# 中较少使用）
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public class AppSettings
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{
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public const int MAX_RETRY_COUNT = 3;
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public const string DEFAULT_CULTURE = "zh-CN";
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}
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// ✅ 私有常量
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private const int MaxRetryAttempts = 3;
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private const string ErrorMessageTemplate = "处理订单 {0} 时发生错误";
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```
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- 枚举命名
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```csharp
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// ✅ 枚举类型使用 PascalCase，单数形式
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public enum OrderStatus
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{
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Pending, // 枚举值使用 PascalCase
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Processing,
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Completed,
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Cancelled,
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Refunded
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}
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// ✅ 标志枚举使用复数
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[Flags]
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public enum UserPermissions
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{
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None = 0,
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Read = 1,
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Write = 2,
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Delete = 4,
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Admin = 8
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}
|
||
|
||
// ❌ 不建议：使用复数（非标志枚举）
|
||
public enum OrderStatuses { }
|
||
|
||
// ❌ 不建议：枚举值使用前缀
|
||
public enum OrderStatus
|
||
{
|
||
OrderStatusPending, // 不需要前缀
|
||
OrderStatusCompleted
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 常量类组织
|
||
```csharp
|
||
// ✅ 按功能组织常量
|
||
public static class ValidationConstants
|
||
{
|
||
public const int MinPasswordLength = 8;
|
||
public const int MaxPasswordLength = 50;
|
||
public const int MinUsernameLength = 3;
|
||
public const int MaxUsernameLength = 20;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public static class CacheKeys
|
||
{
|
||
public const string CustomerPrefix = "customer_";
|
||
public const string OrderPrefix = "order_";
|
||
public const string ProductPrefix = "product_";
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public static class ErrorCodes
|
||
{
|
||
public const string OrderNotFound = "ORDER_NOT_FOUND";
|
||
public const string InsufficientStock = "INSUFFICIENT_STOCK";
|
||
public const string PaymentFailed = "PAYMENT_FAILED";
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
### 2.7 布尔类型
|
||
- 使用肯定的命名方式
|
||
```csharp
|
||
// ✅ 建议：肯定形式
|
||
public bool IsActive { get; set; }
|
||
public bool IsEnabled { get; set; }
|
||
public bool HasPermission { get; set; }
|
||
public bool CanEdit { get; set; }
|
||
|
||
// ❌ 不建议：否定形式（增加理解难度）
|
||
public bool IsNotActive { get; set; }
|
||
public bool IsDisabled { get; set; }
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 常用布尔命名前缀
|
||
```csharp
|
||
public class Order
|
||
{
|
||
// Is - 状态判断
|
||
public bool IsCompleted { get; set; }
|
||
public bool IsValid { get; set; }
|
||
public bool IsPaid { get; set; }
|
||
|
||
// Has - 拥有判断
|
||
public bool HasDiscount { get; set; }
|
||
public bool HasShipped { get; set; }
|
||
|
||
// Can - 能力判断
|
||
public bool CanBeCancelled { get; set; }
|
||
public bool CanBeRefunded { get; set; }
|
||
|
||
// Should - 应该判断
|
||
public bool ShouldSendEmail { get; set; }
|
||
public bool ShouldApplyDiscount { get; set; }
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 布尔方法命名
|
||
```csharp
|
||
public class OrderValidator
|
||
{
|
||
// ✅ 建议
|
||
public bool IsValidOrder(Order order) { }
|
||
public bool HasSufficientStock(int productId, int quantity) { }
|
||
public bool CanProcessPayment(Payment payment) { }
|
||
public bool Exists(int orderId) { }
|
||
|
||
// ✅ 验证方法也可以使用 Validate 开头，返回 bool
|
||
public bool ValidateOrderItems(Order order) { }
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
### 2.8 集合类型
|
||
- 使用复数形式
|
||
```csharp
|
||
public class Customer
|
||
{
|
||
// ✅ 建议：使用复数
|
||
public List<Order> Orders { get; set; }
|
||
public ICollection<Address> Addresses { get; set; }
|
||
public IEnumerable<Payment> Payments { get; set; }
|
||
|
||
// ❌ 不建议
|
||
public List<Order> OrderList { get; set; } // 不需要 List 后缀
|
||
public List<Order> Order { get; set; } // 应使用复数
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 集合局部变量命名
|
||
```csharp
|
||
public void ProcessOrders()
|
||
{
|
||
// ✅ 建议
|
||
var orders = GetOrders();
|
||
var activeOrders = orders.Where(o => o.IsActive).ToList();
|
||
var orderIds = orders.Select(o => o.Id).ToList();
|
||
var customerNames = customers.Select(c => c.Name).ToList();
|
||
|
||
// ❌ 不建议
|
||
var orderDictionary = orders.ToDictionary(o => o.Id);
|
||
var customersByEmail = customers.ToDictionary(c => c.Email);
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 特殊集合命名
|
||
```csharp
|
||
// ✅ 字典
|
||
private readonly Dictionary<int, Order> _orderCache;
|
||
private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, Customer> _customerLookup;
|
||
|
||
// ✅ 队列
|
||
private readonly Queue<OrderMessage> _orderQueue;
|
||
private readonly ConcurrentQueue<Task> _taskQueue;
|
||
|
||
// ✅ 堆栈
|
||
private readonly Stack<Command> _commandHistory;
|
||
```
|
||
### 2.9 异步方法
|
||
- 使用 `Async` 后缀
|
||
```csharp
|
||
// ✅ 异步方法使用 Async 后缀
|
||
public async Task<Order> GetOrderAsync(int orderId)
|
||
{
|
||
return await _repository.GetByIdAsync(orderId);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public async Task<List<Order>> GetOrdersAsync(int customerId)
|
||
{
|
||
return await _repository.GetOrdersByCustomerAsync(customerId);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public async Task CreateOrderAsync(CreateOrderRequest request)
|
||
{
|
||
await _repository.AddAsync(MapToOrder(request));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public async Task UpdateOrderAsync(Order order)
|
||
{
|
||
await _repository.UpdateAsync(order);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public async Task DeleteOrderAsync(int orderId)
|
||
{
|
||
await _repository.DeleteAsync(orderId);
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 异步方法返回类型
|
||
```csharp
|
||
// ✅ 返回 Task
|
||
public async Task SendEmailAsync(string to, string subject)
|
||
{
|
||
await _emailService.SendAsync(to, subject);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// ✅ 返回 Task<T>
|
||
public async Task<bool> ValidateOrderAsync(Order order)
|
||
{
|
||
return await _validator.ValidateAsync(order);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// ✅ 返回 ValueTask（性能敏感场景）
|
||
public async ValueTask<int> GetCachedCountAsync()
|
||
{
|
||
if (_cache.TryGetValue("count", out int count))
|
||
{
|
||
return count;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return await _repository.GetCountAsync();
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// ❌ 错误：避免使用 async void（除事件处理程序外）
|
||
public async void ProcessOrderAsync(int orderId) // 错误！
|
||
{
|
||
await _service.ProcessAsync(orderId);
|
||
}
|
||
``` |